This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
2. it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
3. it was in the public domain in its home country on the URAA date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).

This usually means that one of the following conditions is fulfilled.

1. The author of this work died:
   • (a) before January 1, 1942 or
   • (b) between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War and did not participate in it.
2. This work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym:
   • (a) before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, or
   • (b) between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication.
3. This work is a film (a video fragment or a single shot from it):
   • (a) which was first shown before January 1, 1943 or
   • (b) which was created by legal entity between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first shown in the stated period or was not shown until August 3, 1993.
4. This work is an information report (including photo report), which was created by an employee of TASS, ROSTA, or KarelfinTAG as part of that person’s official duties between July 10, 1925 and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first released in the stated period or was not released until August 3, 1993.

This work is in the public domain in the United States, because it was in the public domain in its home country (Russia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996), and it wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications in the U.S.

If the author of this work was subjected to repression and rehabilitated posthumously, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of rehabilitation.
If the work was first published after the death (posthumous rehabilitation) of the author, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, provided that the work was published within 50 years after the death of the author who died (and was not posthumously rehabilitated) before January 1, 1943, or within 70 years after the death (posthumous rehabilitation) of the author who died (rehabilitated posthumously) between January 1, 1943 years before January 1, 1946.
Amateur films which were first shown on January 1, 1943 or later are subjects of points 1-2 of this template.