Hispanoamericanii și latinoamericanii din Statele Unite ale Americii
| Hispanoamericani și latinoamericani din SUA | |||
            César Chávez • Raquel Welch • David Farragut Sonia Sotomayor • Franklin Chang-Diaz • Romana Acosta Bañuelos Alex Rodriguez • Hilda Solis • Isabel Allende Marco Rubio • Juan Bandini • Gloria Estefan | |||
| Populație totală | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 52.045.277 locuitori | |||
| Regiuni cu populație semnificativă | |||
| |||
| Limbi vorbite | |||
| Spaniolă, Engleză, Portugheză, Limbi amerindiene | |||
| Religii | |||
| Creștinism(Catolicism, Protestantism) | |||
| Grupuri înrudite sau legate cultural | |||
| spanioli, portughezi, latinoamericani | |||
Modifică date / text  | |||
Hispanoamericanii și latinoamericanii din Statele Unite ale Americii (eng.: Hispanic and Latino Americans, spa. Hispanos y latinoamericanos) sunt o minoritate etnică din Statele Unite ale cărei persoane provin din America Latină sau Spania, respectiv acele persoane care sunt vorbitoare de limba spaniolă sau portugheză.
În urma recensământului din 2011, 52.045.277 persoane, respectiv 16, 7% din cetățenii Statelor Unite s-au declarat hispanici sau latinoamericani. Hispanicii și latinoamericanii din SUA reprezintă grupul etnic cel mai prolific, 26% dintre nou-născuții americani aparținând acestui grup etnico-lingvistic.
De fapt, factorul de legătură al acestui grup etnico-lingvistic îl constituie limba pentru că, din punct de vedere genetic, membrii săi pot aparține atât rasei albe (spanioli, portughezi), rasei negre (urmașii sclavilor africani din țările latinoamericane) cât și rasei galbene (populațiile amerindiene: maya, quechua, aymara, etc) sau încrucișării dintre acestea.
Demografie
Procentajul hispanicilor și latino rezidenți după regiune.
| Poziție | Zonă metropolitană | Hispanici | Procent de hispanici din total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Los Angeles, California | 5,804,000 | 45% |
| 2 | New York, New York | 4,317,000 | 24% |
| 3 | Houston, Texas | 2,105,000 | 37% |
| 4 | Riverside, California | 2,062,000 | 48% |
| 5 | Chicago, Illinois | 1,971,000 | 22% |
| 6 | Dallas, Texas | 1,809,000 | 28% |
| 7 | Miami, Florida | 1,627,000 | 65% |
| 8 | Phoenix, Arizona | 1,163,000 | 30% |
| 9 | San Francisco, California | 1,114,000 | 23% |
| 10 | San Antonio, Texas | 1,112,000 | 56% |
| 11 | San Diego, California | 1,021,000 | 33% |
| Poziție | Stat | Procent de hispanici |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | New Mexico | 47% |
| 2 | California | 38% |
| 3 | Texas | 38% |
| 4 | Arizona | 30% |
| 5 | Nevada | 27% |
| 6 | Florida | 23% |
| 7 | Colorado | 21% |
| 8 | New Jersey | 19% |
| 9 | New York | 18% |
| 10 | Illinois | 16% |
Vezi și
Referințe
- ^ „CIA World Factbook”. Arhivat din original la 7 ianuarie 2019. Accesat în 20 ianuarie 2013.
- ^ Luis Fraga; John A. Garcia (2010). Latino Lives in America: Making It Home. Temple University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4399-0050-5.
- ^ Nancy L. Fisher (1996). Cultural and Ethnic Diversity: A Guide for Genetics Professionals. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8018-5346-3.
- ^ Robert H. Holden; Rina Villars (2012). Contemporary Latin America: 1970 to the Present. John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-118-27487-3.
- ^ U.S. Department of Transportation „49 CFR Part 26” Verificați valoarea |url= (ajutor). Accesat în 22 octombrie 2012. 'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin, regardless of race;
- ^ „US Small Business Administration 8(a) Program Standard Operating Procedure” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la 25 septembrie 2006. Accesat în 22 octombrie 2012. SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal.
- ^ Humes, Karen R.; Jones, Nicholas A.; Ramirez, Roberto R. „Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010” (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Accesat în 28 martie 2011. "Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin regardless of race.
- ^ „American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin”. United States Census Bureau. Arhivat din original la 5 martie 2001. Accesat în 5 octombrie 2008. For Census 2000, American Community Survey: People who identify with the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino" are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the Census 2000 or ACS questionnaire - "Mexican," "Puerto Rican," or "Cuban" - as well as those who indicate that they are "other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino." Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any "race".
1990 Census of Population and Housing: A self-designated classification for people whose origins are from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Central or South America, the Caribbean, or those identifying themselves generally as Spanish, Spanish-American, etc. Origin can be viewed as ancestry, nationality, or country of birth of the person or person's parents or ancestors prior to their arrival in the United States. - ^ Office of Management and Budget. „Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Federal Register Notice 30 octombrie 1997”. Arhivat din original la 8 februarie 2004. Accesat în 1 iunie 2012.
- ^ Grieco, Elizabeth M.; Rachel C. Cassidy. „Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000” (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Accesat în 27 aprilie 2008.
- ^ „B03001. Hispanic or Latino origin by specific origin”. 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Arhivat din original la 12 februarie 2020. Accesat în 17 octombrie 2010.
- ^ Office, US Census Bureau Public Information, Most Children Younger Than Age 1 are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports - Population - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau (în engleză), www.census.gov
- ^ Slate.fr (17 mai 2012), Les bébés non blancs pour la première fois majoritaires aux Etats-Unis (în franceză), Slate.fr
- ^ United States Census Bureau: "The Hispanic Population 2010 Census Brief: Table 1. "Hispanic or Latino Origin Population by Type: 2000 and 2010" May 2011
- ^ NW, 1615 L. St; Suite 800Washington; Inquiries, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 (6 septembrie 2016), Hispanic Population and Origin in Select U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2014 (în engleză), Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project Text " Main202-857-8562 " ignorat (ajutor); Text " Fax202-419-4372 " ignorat (ajutor); Text " Media" ignorat (ajutor)
- ^ http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t6/index.html
Bibliografie
Studii și istoriografie
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Cultură și politică, post 1965
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Regionale și locale
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- Daniel, Cletus E. Bitter Harvest: A History of California Farmworkers, 1870-1941 1981.
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- Korrol, Virginia Sánchez. From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917–1948 (1994)
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Surse primare
- Richard Ellis, ed. New Mexico Past and Present: A Historical Reader. 1971.
- David J. Weber; Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans (1973), primary sources to 1912
Legături externe
- Hispanic Americans in Congress Library of Congress
- Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army
- 2000 Census
- Latino-Americans Become Unofficial Face of Politics Abroad by Josh Miller, PBS, 27 aprilie 2007
- Latino in America - CNN
- Mexican Roots